01 - In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, baking powder, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and salt. Set aside.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, beat softened butter and brown sugar on medium speed until light and creamy, about 2 minutes.
03 - Add egg, molasses, and vanilla extract to the butter mixture; mix until thoroughly combined.
04 - Gradually add dry ingredients to wet mixture, mixing on low speed until a thick, uniform dough forms.
05 - Divide dough into two equal portions. Flatten each into a disk, wrap in plastic, and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or up to overnight.
06 - Preheat oven to 350°F and line baking sheets with parchment paper.
07 - On a lightly floured surface, roll one portion of chilled dough to 1/4 inch thickness.
08 - Cut into shapes with cookie cutters and place 1 inch apart on prepared baking sheets. Bake 8-10 minutes until edges just start to turn golden.
09 - Let cookies cool 2 minutes on baking pan, then transfer to wire rack to cool completely.
10 - Stir powdered sugar with 2-3 tbsp milk or water until smooth but not runny. Adjust liquid for desired consistency.
11 - Decorate fully cooled cookies with icing and sprinkles. Allow icing to set completely before serving or storing.